Titanium and it's applications:

Titanium has a density of just 4.505 kg per cubic metre, but combines this metallic "lightness" with a strength, especially in titanium alloys, considerably higher than aluminium alloys and comparable to the best structural steel. Conductivity of heat and electricity is low, and titanium retains its' properties in a range of approximately -270^oC to +400^oC. At near absolute zero titanium becomes superconductive. At the higher temperature limit, strength diminishes and oxidisation increases, limiting the range of applications at high temperatures. Titanium melts at about 1660 ^oC, boils at about 3287 ^oC.

The atomic weight of titanium is 47.9.

 Crystal Structure:

          α phase: Close-packed hexagonal; a = 0.295030 nm, c = 0.468312, 
                                                                                      c/a = 1.5873.

          β phase: Body-centered cubic, a = 0.332 nm at 900 ^oC.

 Mass Characteristics:

Atomic Weight: 47.9

Density:

          α phase: 4.507 g/cm³ at 20 ^oC.

          β phase: 4.35 g/cm³ at 885 ^oC.

Mechanical Properties:

Tensile Properties (Typical, at Room Temperature):

          Tensile Strength:            235 MPa

          0.2% Yield Strength:      140 MPa

          Elongation in 50 mm:       54%

          Minimum Bend Radius: <1t

Hardness:

          Ingot Melted From Electrolytic Titanium:    70 to 74 HB

          Ingot Melted From Iodide Titanium:            65 to 72 HB

          Velocity of Sound: 4970 m/s

Thermal Properties:

          Melting Point: 1668 + 10 ^oC

          Boiling Point: 3260 ^oC (estimated)

          Vapor Pressure (From 1587 to 1698 K): 
          log P = 7.7960 - (24,644/T) - 0.000227 T
          (where P is in Pa and T is in K).                                                                               

          Phase Transformation Temperature: α to β, 882.5 ^oC

          Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: At 20 ^oC: 8.41 x 10^-6/ ^oC.  

                                                    At 1000 ^oC: 10.1 x 10^-8/ ^oC (estimated).

           Specific Heat:

          Below 13 K: C_p = 0.0706 + 5.43 x 10^-4 T³

          Above Room Temperature: C_p = 669.0 - 0.037188 T - 1.080 x 10⁷ T^-2  
   (where C_p is in J/kg ⋅ K and T is in K)

                       Temperature, K                   C_p, kJ/kg ⋅ K

                               50                                    0.0993

                               100                                  0.3002

                               200                                  0.4651

                               500                                   0.6072

Latent Heat of Fusion: 440 kJ/kg (estimated)

Latent Heat of Transformation: 91.8 kJ/kg (estimated)

Latent Heat of Vaporization: 9.83 MJ/kg (estimated)

Thermal Conductivity: 11.4 W/k . K at -240 ^oC

 Electrical Properties:

Electrical Resistivity: 420 nΩ . m at 20 ^oC 

Superconductivity (Critical Temperature): 0.37 to 0.56 K

Magnetic Properties:

Magnetic Susceptibility (Volume, at Room Temperature): 180 (+ 1.7) x 10^-6 mks

Optical Properties:

Total Hemispherical Emittance: 0.30 at 710 ^oC