Systems Engineering Management Plan
Section 4.1 - Model Text

4.1 Mission analysis.

The operational requirements for the specific project shall be stated in the 'System/subsystem specification' and will be reviewed at regular intervals.
Impacts on the stated system operational characteristics, mission objectives, threat, environmental factors, minimum acceptable system functional requirements, technical performance, and system figure(s) of merit stipulated, proposed, or directed for change shall be analyzed during the conduct of the contract.
These impacts shall be examined continually for validity, consistency, desirability, and attainability with respect to current technology, physical resources, human performance capabilities, life cycle costs, or other constraints.
The output of this analysis shall verify the existing requirements or develop new requirements which are more appropriate for the mission.
Mission requirements and its operational, support and the functions and characteristics of the computer system within the overall system together with the identification of the system development, support, and users within the acquirer organizations shall be described in a 'System/subsystem specification(s)' and the specific 'Operational concept document'.
Acquisition streamlining (in accordance with the principles of MIL-STD-248) shall be performed to ensure project acquisitions are effective and efficient. Acquisition streamlining shall be performed for all new, re-engineered, modified, etc., systems and subsystems for the specific project.
System/subsystem specifications shall specify the requirements for a system as an entity and include the performance and design requirements as well as the performance requirements related to manning, operating, maintaining and logistically supporting the system allocating requirements to functional areas and defining interfaces between those areas.
The initial issue of a 'System/subsystem specification' shall be based on parameters developed during the demonstration and validation phase. These parameters shall establish the initial definition of the system which will be refined in subsequent stages of development. The system/subsystem specification(s) shall be continuously updated until it establishes a functional baseline and will form a stable basis on which "Development specifications" for hardware (HWCI) and software (CSCI) can be prepared.
Acquisition Managers shall be trained in program (project) management. Mission analysis shall be performed by program managers using a variety of analysis and technology capability studies.

4.1.1 System and user needs analysis.

The analysis of missions and its functions; missions will be identified and a mission profile will be constructed. This profile will segment the mission into discrete and well defined mission phases. Mission conditions will be described which will include, as a minimum, operational conditions such as normal, contingency, and emergency operation. For each mission phase under each mission condition, a sequence of top-level functions or capabilities will be identified.
System requirements can be identified as two types:

Mandatory requirements

  1. specify the necessary and effective conditions that a minimal system shall have in order to be acceptable (written with words "shall" and "must");
  2. will be specified in definitive terms;
  3. must not be susceptible to trade-offs between requirements.

Mandatory requirements state the minimal requirements necessary to satisfy the customer (acquirer) need.

After defining the mandatory requirements alternate candidate designs can be proposed which satisfy the mandatory requirements - usually known as preference requirements.
These preference requirements shall be evaluated to determine the "best" designs.
Preference requirements should:

Note:
The requirements for the 'Project Management System' shall be analyzed and the documentation prepared and agreed by the executive and senior management before the System Requirement Review.

4.1.2 Task analysis.

For each mission and function under each mission condition, user tasks and task sequence shall be identified.
Task requirements shall be identified as:

4.1.3 Products from analysis.

The outputs from this analysis are; lessons learned which influence the design and management of the specific system or subsystem, analysis, and allocation of functions, etc.
Sensitive analyses shall be used to identify the requirements and parameters that will have the greatest effects on cost, schedule, and performance. The results will be used to allocate resources.

4.1.4 Customer needs.

In many cases the acquirer may not be fully aware of his needs. It is therefore essential that the needs are expressed as definitive requirements by expertise being available to convert perceived needs into realistic requirements.
Rapid prototyping and flexible designs can help in removing any mis-conceptions, unrealistic requirements and overlooked details.
Talking to two levels up and down in the organization can provide useful and beneficial information.

4.1.5 System modeling.

Models should be developed to explore any possible alternative concepts. System models can be in the form of; mathematical, physical devices, computer simulations, flow diagrams, block diagrams, or similar methods.
The best alternative model should be maintained and used to provide information throughout the system life cycle.
Validation of the requirements shall ensure that the requirements are consistent and realistic. If it is found that the requirements are unrealistic e.g., requesting a perpetual-motion machine then the project should be stopped awaiting resolution.


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Copyright © Ken Rigby 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998