; Sprite ; MS-DOS demo for VGA adaptor. ; Animates a single sprite. ; This code got a head start from Michael Abrash's excellent book ; 'The Zen of Graphics Programming' and owes a lot to Michael's sample code. ; Assembled with MASM 6.15 and linked with LINK 5.60.339 (to get a DOS image) ; April 2001 .MODEL small .STACK 256 VIDEO_SEGMENT equ 0a000h ;display memory segment for ; true VGA graphics modes SCREEN_WIDTH equ 80 ; number of bytes in one scan line SCREEN_HEIGHT equ 350 ; number of scan lines PAGE0 equ 0 ;flag for page 0 when page flipping PAGE1 equ 1 ;flag for page 1 when page flipping PAGE0_OFFSET equ 0 ;start offset of page 0 in VGA memory PAGE1_OFFSET equ SCREEN_WIDTH * SCREEN_HEIGHT ;start offset of page 1 (both pages ; are 640*480 mode 10h screens) SPRITE_WIDTH equ 80/8 ;width of sprite in display memory bytes SPRITE_HEIGHT equ 80 ;height of sprite in scan lines BLANK_OFFSET equ PAGE1_OFFSET * 2 ;start of blank image ; in VGA memory SPRITE_OFFSET equ BLANK_OFFSET + 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0ffh, 0c0h db 0ffh, 0c0h, 01eh, 0f0h, 000h, 000h, 004h, 000h, 0ffh, 0c0h db 0ffh, 0c0h, 01fh, 0e0h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 000h, 07fh, 0c0h db 0ffh, 080h, 00eh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 000h, 07fh, 0e0h db 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 000h, 07fh, 0e0h db 0feh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 000h, 03fh, 0e0h db 0fch, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 000h, 03fh, 0e0h db 0f0h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 004h, 000h, 03fh, 0e0h db 0e0h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 006h, 004h, 000h, 03fh, 0e0h db 0c0h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 00eh, 004h, 000h, 01fh, 0e0h db 080h, 000h, 07ch, 000h, 000h, 00ah, 006h, 020h, 01fh, 0e0h db 080h, 001h, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 012h, 00eh, 070h, 01fh, 0e0h db 000h, 007h, 083h, 080h, 000h, 016h, 00ch, 0e0h, 00fh, 0e0h db 000h, 00fh, 000h, 0c0h, 000h, 016h, 018h, 0c0h, 00fh, 0e0h db 000h, 00eh, 000h, 040h, 000h, 034h, 018h, 0c0h, 00fh, 0e0h db 000h, 01ch, 000h, 000h, 000h, 038h, 018h, 080h, 00fh, 0e0h db 000h, 01ch, 000h, 000h, 000h, 028h, 031h, 080h, 007h, 0e0h db 000h, 038h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 030h, 071h, 080h, 007h, 0e0h db 000h, 038h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 023h, 0f1h, 080h, 007h, 0e0h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 03ch, 031h, 086h, 007h, 0f0h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 060h, 073h, 00fh, 007h, 0f0h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 063h, 0e3h, 013h, 003h, 0f0h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 067h, 0e3h, 033h, 003h, 0f0h db 000h, 0f0h, 000h, 000h, 003h, 0e6h, 063h, 033h, 003h, 0f0h db 000h, 0e0h, 000h, 000h, 007h, 0e6h, 063h, 03bh, 007h, 0f8h db 000h, 0e0h, 000h, 010h, 026h, 06ch, 023h, 01eh, 00fh, 0f8h db 000h, 0e0h, 000h, 010h, 0e4h, 06ch, 027h, 02eh, 00bh, 0f8h db 000h, 0f0h, 000h, 011h, 0e4h, 02eh, 03fh, 0e7h, 0f3h, 0f8h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 01bh, 0ech, 026h, 0f9h, 0c1h, 0c3h, 0f8h db 000h, 070h, 000h, 01fh, 066h, 067h, 098h, 080h, 003h, 0fch db 000h, 070h, 000h, 00eh, 037h, 0b0h, 000h, 000h, 003h, 0fch db 000h, 078h, 000h, 040h, 000h, 01ch, 000h, 000h, 003h, 0fch SpritePlane3Image label byte ;intensity on for all planes, ; to produce high-intensity colors db 039h, 0ffh, 000h, 038h, 000h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 001h, 00fh db 0bfh, 0ffh, 000h, 010h, 000h, 02fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 087h db 07fh, 0f6h, 080h, 050h, 000h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 00fh db 0dfh, 0fch, 000h, 090h, 000h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 008h, 00fh db 09fh, 0feh, 000h, 018h, 000h, 00fh, 000h, 000h, 00ch, 01fh db 07fh, 0feh, 000h, 053h, 000h, 05fh, 000h, 000h, 01fh, 0ffh db 0ffh, 0feh, 080h, 066h, 000h, 03dh, 000h, 000h, 01fh, 0ffh db 0bfh, 0ffh, 080h, 038h, 000h, 02eh, 000h, 000h, 03fh, 0ffh db 0dfh, 0ffh, 080h, 018h, 000h, 00bh, 000h, 000h, 03fh, 0ffh db 03fh, 0ffh, 060h, 006h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 07fh, 0afh db 01fh, 0ffh, 0f0h, 01dh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 07fh, 04dh db 07fh, 0ffh, 0d0h, 060h, 000h, 014h, 000h, 000h, 07eh, 000h db 07fh, 0ffh, 0fch, 0e1h, 000h, 037h, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 003h db 07fh, 0ffh, 0f4h, 072h, 000h, 065h, 000h, 000h, 0ffh, 000h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ach, 02fh, 000h, 03eh, 000h, 000h, 0fch, 000h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0fch, 01fh, 000h, 05fh, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 001h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0fch, 037h, 000h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 0fch, 001h db 0ffh, 037h, 0fbh, 02fh, 080h, 07fh, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 003h db 0ffh, 0e7h, 0f8h, 01fh, 0e0h, 0bfh, 000h, 000h, 0fch, 001h db 0feh, 00fh, 0f4h, 01fh, 0e1h, 07bh, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 003h db 0feh, 043h, 0ffh, 03fh, 0f1h, 05eh, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 007h db 0fdh, 081h, 05ch, 00fh, 0c8h, 02ch, 000h, 000h, 0ffh, 001h db 07ch, 005h, 0deh, 017h, 0f8h, 07fh, 000h, 000h, 0fdh, 050h db 07ch, 007h, 0d3h, 00fh, 0f4h, 07dh, 000h, 000h, 0ffh, 07ch db 0a8h, 053h, 0feh, 007h, 0fch, 017h, 000h, 000h, 0fah, 066h db 07ch, 007h, 0ffh, 082h, 0feh, 011h, 000h, 000h, 0fbh, 076h db 0f4h, 017h, 0ffh, 001h, 0feh, 02bh, 000h, 000h, 0e1h, 0feh db 0f8h, 0efh, 0ffh, 081h, 0f7h, 00bh, 000h, 000h, 0e8h, 03eh db 0f8h, 08fh, 0ffh, 000h, 0e8h, 00fh, 000h, 000h, 080h, 076h db 0f4h, 04fh, 0fbh, 020h, 0f4h, 00fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 03ch db 0f0h, 03fh, 0ech, 008h, 0e0h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 040h, 001h db 0f0h, 00fh, 0ech, 011h, 060h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 038h db 0f0h, 01fh, 0e8h, 00eh, 080h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 009h db 0e1h, 04fh, 0ffh, 086h, 0e0h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 040h, 01fh db 0e7h, 0dfh, 0ffh, 0c5h, 0e0h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 011h db 0c7h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0e5h, 0c0h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 002h, 039h db 08fh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 09bh, 0c0h, 01fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 01ch db 09fh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0fbh, 0c0h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 01dh db 08fh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0dbh, 0e0h, 03fh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 00fh db 00fh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0efh, 0f0h, 0bfh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 003h db 087h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0f9h, 0f4h, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 010h, 003h db 087h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0e7h, 0bfh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 020h, 001h db 0c3h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 06bh, 0efh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 020h, 001h db 0f7h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0e0h, 087h, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 06ch, 001h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0feh, 0a0h, 00fh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 076h, 003h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 040h, 00fh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 07fh, 003h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0e0h, 00fh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 07ch, 001h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0a0h, 00eh, 0cfh, 000h, 000h, 0feh, 003h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0f0h, 045h, 0c7h, 000h, 000h, 0d0h, 003h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0f8h, 03dh, 0a7h, 000h, 000h, 0ech, 001h db 0e7h, 0ffh, 0ffh, 0f0h, 05bh, 0c1h, 000h, 000h, 0e4h, 001h db 090h, 0dfh, 07dh, 0feh, 01dh, 00dh, 000h, 000h, 018h, 000h db 000h, 07fh, 0d4h, 00eh, 03eh, 030h, 000h, 000h, 0a0h, 00ah db 001h, 021h, 013h, 0b5h, 07fh, 041h, 000h, 000h, 0eah, 000h db 000h, 029h, 0abh, 0f8h, 03eh, 004h, 000h, 000h, 0f0h, 007h db 000h, 053h, 01bh, 0c8h, 01fh, 091h, 000h, 000h, 0f1h, 0c2h db 0ffh, 0ffh, 0ffh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 0fch, 041h db 0c4h, 00eh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 0c0h, 003h, 000h, 000h, 0c4h, 00eh db 050h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 050h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 001h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 03eh, 000h, 000h, 000h, 028h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 042h, 04dh, 0feh, 003h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h db 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h ; SpriteX dw 40 ;sprite x coord SpriteY dw 175 ;sprite y coord LastSpriteX dw 40 ;previous sprite x coords LastSpriteY dw 175 ;previous sprite y coords SpriteXInc dw 1 ;x move factor for sprite SpriteYInc dw 1 ;y move factor for sprite ; ; Macro to set indexed register P2 of chip with index register ; at P1 to AL. ; SETREG macro P1, P2 mov dx,P1 mov ah,al mov al,P2 out dx,ax endm ; .CODE start proc near .STARTUP ; initialise segment registers ; ; Select graphics mode. ; mov ax,010h ; VGA mode 10h int 10h ; ; ES always points to VGA memory. ; mov ax,VIDEO_SEGMENT mov es,ax ; ; Draw all four plane's worth of the sprite to undisplayed VGA memory. ; mov al,01h ;enable plane 0 SETREG SC_INDEX, MAP_MASK mov si,offset SpritePlane0Image mov di,SPRITE_OFFSET mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH * SPRITE_HEIGHT rep movsb mov al,02h ;enable plane 1 SETREG SC_INDEX, MAP_MASK mov si,offset SpritePlane1Image mov di,SPRITE_OFFSET mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH * SPRITE_HEIGHT rep movsb mov al,04h ;enable plane 2 SETREG SC_INDEX, MAP_MASK mov si,offset SpritePlane2Image mov di,SPRITE_OFFSET mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH * SPRITE_HEIGHT rep movsb mov al,08h ;enable plane 3 SETREG SC_INDEX, MAP_MASK mov si,offset SpritePlane3Image mov di,SPRITE_OFFSET mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH * SPRITE_HEIGHT rep movsb ; ; Draw a blank image the size of the sprite to undisplayed VGA memory. ; mov al,0fh ;enable all memory planes, since the SETREG SC_INDEX, MAP_MASK ; blank has to erase all planes mov di,BLANK_OFFSET mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH * SPRITE_HEIGHT sub al,al rep stosb; ; Set VGA to write mode 1, for block copying sprite images. ; mov dx,GC_INDEX mov al,GC_MODE out dx,al ;point GC Index to GC Mode register inc dx ;point to GC Data register jmp $+2 ;delay to let bus settle in al,dx ;get current state of GC Mode and al,not 3 ;clear the write mode bits or al,1 ;set the write mode field to 1 jmp $+2 ;delay to let bus settle out dx,al ; ; Set VGA offset register in words to define logical screen width. ; mov al,SCREEN_WIDTH / 2 SETREG CRTC_INDEX, CRTC_OFFSET ; ; Move the sprite by moving it and redrawing it, the blank border around the sprite ; will clear the old sprite since we're only moving one pixel at a time. ; SpriteAnimationLoop: ; ; Erase old image of sprite in this page (at location from one more earlier). ; mov si,BLANK_OFFSET ;point to blank image mov cx,[LastSpriteX] mov dx,[LastSpriteY] call DrawSprite ; ; Set new last sprite location. ; mov ax,[SpriteX] mov [LastSpriteX],ax mov ax,[SpriteY] mov [LastSpriteY],ax; ; Move the sprite. ; CheckYOutofBounds: ; First check if we need to reverse the y direction mov ax,[SpriteY] cmp ax,SCREEN_HEIGHT - SPRITE_HEIGHT jae NegY cmp ax,0 jg MoveSpriteY NegY: neg [SpriteYInc] MoveSpriteY: mov ax,[SpriteYInc] add [SpriteY],ax ;move in y direction ; only move x every so often mov ax,[SpriteY] and ax,006Fh jnz FinishedMoving CheckXOutofBounds: ; Now check if we need to reverse the x direction mov ax,[SpriteX] cmp ax,SCREEN_WIDTH - SPRITE_WIDTH jae NegX cmp ax,0 jg MoveSpriteX NegX: neg [SpriteXInc] MoveSpriteX: mov ax,[SpriteXInc] add [SpriteX],ax ;move in x direction FinishedMoving: ; ; Draw sprite at new location. ; mov si,SPRITE_OFFSET ;point to sprite's image mov cx,[SpriteX] mov dx,[SpriteY] call DrawSprite ; ; Wait for display enable (pixel data being displayed) so we know ; we're nowhere near vertical sync, where the start address gets ; latched and used. ; call WaitDisplayEnable ; ; Flip to the new page by changing the start address. ; mov ax,[CurrentPageOffset] push ax SETREG CRTC_INDEX, START_ADDRESS_LOW pop ax mov al,ah SETREG CRTC_INDEX, START_ADDRESS_HIGH ; ; Wait for vertical sync so the new start address has a chance ; to take effect. ; call WaitVSync ; ; Flip the page to draw to to the undisplayed page. ; xor [CurrentPage],1 jnz IsPage1 mov [CurrentPageOffset],PAGE0_OFFSET jmp short EndFlipPage IsPage1: mov [CurrentPageOffset],PAGE1_OFFSET EndFlipPage: ; ; Exit if a key's been hit. ; mov ah,1 int 16h jnz Done jmp SpriteAnimationLoop ; ; Finished, clear key, reset screen mode and exit. ; Done: mov ah,0 ;clear key int 16h ; mov ax,3 ;reset to text mode int 10h ; .EXIT ; exit to DOS ; start endp ; ; Routine to draw a sprite-sized image to all planes, copying from ; offset SI in VGA memory to offset CX,DX (x,y) in VGA memory in ; the current page. ; DrawSprite proc near mov ax,SCREEN_WIDTH mul dx ;offset of start of top image scan line add ax,cx ;offset of upper left of image add ax,[CurrentPageOffset] ;offset of start of page mov di,ax mov bp,SPRITE_HEIGHT push ds push es pop ds ;move from VGA memory to VGA memory DrawSpriteLoop: push di mov cx,SPRITE_WIDTH rep movsb ;draw a scan line of image pop di add di,SCREEN_WIDTH ;point to next destination scan line dec bp jnz DrawSpriteLoop pop ds ret DrawSprite endp ; ; Wait for the leading edge of vertical sync pulse. ; WaitVSync proc near mov dx,INPUT_STATUS_1 WaitNotVSyncLoop: in al,dx and al,VSYNC_MASK jnz WaitNotVSyncLoop WaitVSyncLoop: in al,dx and al,VSYNC_MASK jz WaitVSyncLoop ret WaitVSync endp ; ; Wait for display enable to happen (pixels to be scanned to ; the screen, indicating we're in the middle of displaying a frame). ; WaitDisplayEnable proc near mov dx,INPUT_STATUS_1 WaitDELoop: in al,dx and al,DE_MASK jnz WaitDELoop ret WaitDisplayEnable endp end